Varieties of exposure techniques include in-vivo exposure, graded exposure, and interoceptive exposure. Treatment Approaches That Target Avoidance and EscapeĮxposure is often considered the method of choice to reduce avoidance across the anxiety disorders.
What would happen if you stopped avoiding?. What does the avoidance get in the way of you doing?. What activities/people/places/situations/objects do you avoid?. How do you respond when you feel threatened?. Some helpful questions for assessing avoidance and escape include: Helpful Questions for Assessing Avoidance and Escape post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder. panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. What Are Avoidance And Escape? Disorders That May Be Maintained by Avoidance and EscapeĪvoidance and escape are often maintenance factors in: according to a habituation model of anxiety the relatively brief exposure periods occasioned by escape and avoidance may server to ‘sensitize’ patients to their feared stimuli (Wilson & O’Leary, 1980). they reduce the number of external stimuli present in an individual’s environment (‘shrinks their world’) which may exacerbate self-focused attention and repetitive thinking (Harvey, Watkins, Mansell, & Shafran, 2004). they reduce an individual’s opportunities to obtain positive reinforcement and thus contribute to the maintenance of low mood (Ferster, 1973 Lewinsohn, 1975). 
avoidance and escape behaviors remove the opportunity to disconfirm negative beliefs (Salkovskis, 1991).However, they are considered problematic when used too frequently or when they are used to the exclusion of other strategies, and they are included as diagnostic features of a range of disorders.Ĭlinically, avoidance and escape are considered to be problematic because:
When used as part of a repertoire of other coping mechanisms, escape and avoidance can considered adaptive. Avoidance and escape are natural mechanisms for coping with many kinds of pain and trauma. Distraction is considered to be a subtle form of avoidance behavior. Avoidance and escape refer to behaviors where people either do not enter a situation (avoidance) or leave situations after they have entered (escape).
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